The dead space in an average adult has been reported to be ~150 cc or 2cc/kg ideal body weight. Anatomical dead space is thus defined as the volume of the conducting zone (Figure 1). The remaining circuit: respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs (generation 23) participate in gas exchange and is called the respiratory zone.
, where V̇CO 2 = CO 2 production by the body (units: cc/min) and V̇ A = alveolar ventilation. The alveolar ventilation controls CO 2 homeostasis according to the alveolar ventilation equation : Mathematically, V̇ A is total ventilation minus anatomical dead space ventilation. Its calculation requires exclusion of ventilation occurring in the anatomical dead space. in a passive mechanically ventilated patient on volume control (VC) mode, V̇ E = V T x RR.Īlveolar ventilation ( V̇ A the subscript ‘A’ denotes ‘alveolar’) is the amount of ventilation occurring in the alveoli in one minute. Minute ventilation ( V̇ E the subscript ‘E’ denotes ‘exhaled’) is the total ventilation in one minute (units: L/min). At this point, it is helpful to define minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation : V D /V T is a common way to quantify dead space. The fraction of the tidal volume that does not contribute to gas exchange is known as dead space fraction (V D /V T where V T = tidal volume and V D = dead space volume). A certain amount of dead space is normally present in every person (this is known as anatomical dead space: see below). This concept can be extended to include factors that cause a dead space effect. Simply put, dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange.
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